- a.E. V. Chinnaiah Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh
- b.Indra Sawhney Vs. Union of India
- c.Association for Democratic Reforms Vs. Election Commission of India
- d.Indra Sawhney Vs. Association for Democratic Reforms
Answer: (A) E. V. Chinnaiah Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh
On 1 August 2024 a seven-judge Constitution Bench headed by Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud held by 6:1 (Justice Bela Trivedi dissenting) that States may sub-classify Scheduled Castes so as to give preference to the more backward among them. The judgment was delivered in State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh and overruled the five-judge decision in E.V. Chinnaiah v. State of Andhra Pradesh (2004), which had treated the Scheduled Castes notified under Article 341 as one homogeneous class; hence PSC's answer (A), Chinnaiah being the litigation whose correctness the larger bench examined. Four judges also favoured applying a 'creamy layer' test to SCs and STs. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992) is the Mandal case (OBC reservation, 50% ceiling), and Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India (2024) struck down the Electoral Bonds scheme; option D is a made-up title.