WBCS Preliminary Examination 2021 — General Studies · Question 153 of 200

Answer: (C) Right to Life and Personal Liberty

Article 21 reads: 'No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law' - so the right it guarantees is the Right to Life and Personal Liberty, available to citizens and non-citizens alike. 'Procedure established by law' (option D, borrowed from Japan) is the standard written into the Article, and 'due process of law' (option B, the American doctrine) was read into it in Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978); neither is the right itself. Right to Religion is in Articles 25-28. Privacy was held to be part of Article 21 in Puttaswamy (2017); Article 21A (education) was added by the 86th Amendment.